NAD+ levels in the bloodstream are determined by a delicate balance between production and consumption. By providing Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a direct precursor to NAD+, NR 1000 helps boost the production of NAD+.†
“Together, this highlights that a multi-target strategy for NAD+ restoration such as the use of a precursor in combination with inhibitors and/or activators acting at other key points in the NAD+ network may be the optimum approach to NAD+ restoration.” (1)
NR is a naturally occurring molecule found in all cells. It is a precursor for NAD+, which is an important molecule for:
- Energy production†
- DNA repair†
- Regulation of genes†
- Cellular health and vitality†
- Immune function†
- Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle†
Preventing NR Degradation is Essential
Research has shown that NAD+ precursors, such as NR and NMN, are largely degraded in the stomach and small intestine to other metabolites that are not as effective.
“Oral NR dosing increased circulating NAM ~40-fold while NMN remained unchanged and NR was detected only at trace levels in the blood.” (2)
A study investigated NR levels in circulation at 5, 15, 45, and 135 minutes after intravenous or oral administration. The mice were given a dosage equivalent to 290 mg in a 70 kg (154.32 lb) person.
The blue box shows that blood levels of NR were significantly higher 5 minutes after IV administration than at baseline. Oral administration of NR (red box) resulted in significantly lower blood levels of NR at 5 minutes, suggesting degradation in gastric and intestinal conditions.
“Readily detectable concentrations of intact NR were observed in the blood following IV but not after oral administration, indicating nearly complete first-pass metabolism.” (3)
NR 1000
Several delivery systems have been developed to protect NAD+ precursors from being broken down and enhance their bioavailability (how much of a substance is absorbed into the bloodstream and can be used by the body).
In other products, we use advanced Liposomal technology to protect NR and NMN from degradation in the GI tract, but this sophisticated delivery system adds significant cost.
NR 1000 provides 1000 mg of NR in enteric (acid resistant) capsules that protect the ingredients from digestion in the acidic environment of the stomach. Once the capsule reaches the intestine where it is less acidic, NR is released and available for absorption.
Numerous Clinical Trials Have Demonstrated the Potential Benefits of NR:
Each study showed that NR supplementation increased NAD+ levels, as well as the following effects:
- Physical performance: A clinical trial investigating physical performance in older adults showed that NR improved the fatigue index by 15% and reduced markers of oxidative stress.
- Inflammation: NR supplementation reduced the levels of circulating inflammatory molecules in a clinical trial with older men. Reduced inflammation was also observed in a clinical trial with heart failure patients supplemented with NR.
- Blood pressure: A small trial found that NR reduced blood pressure and improved blood vessel function in older adults.
- Muscle Dynamics: A clinical trial observed increased growth of mitochondria in the muscle of adults supplemented with NR.